课堂练习1
在rhel7主机上安装samba服务器软件
- 【1】打开虚拟机–d：/—linux文件夹中的7–拍快照–做实验–做完实验还原快照
- 【2】添加rhel7的光盘
- 【3】开机
- 【4】创建挂载点
- 【5】挂载
- 【6】进入到yum配置文件处写自己的repo文件
- cd 空格 /etc/yum.repos.d
- mkdir 空格 bak
- mv 空格 .repo 空格 bak/ vi 空格 自己的repo文件 【7】yum安装｛二选一｝ rpm 空格 -ivh 空格 软件名称-按tab键补齐｛可以不用这个方法｝ yum 空格 install 空格 软件名称｛这是主要的安装方法｝
- 【8】检查安装的效果
- rpm 空格 -qa|grep 软件名称
- 【9】卸载光驱
# 创建挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
# 将本地光盘挂载至挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
# 查询是否挂载成功
[root@localhost ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 47162880 3538204 43624676 8% /
devtmpfs 1000164 0 1000164 0% /dev
tmpfs 1016076 88 1015988 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1016076 9232 1006844 1% /run
tmpfs 1016076 0 1016076 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 508580 151256 357324 30% /boot
tmpfs 203216 12 203204 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 3704296 3704296 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
# 修改repo配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi new.repo
# 安装samba包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install samba* -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Repository 'yum' is missing name in configuration, using id
Package samba-client-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package samba-common-4.4.4-9.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package samba.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-client.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-common-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-krb5-printing.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2(PYTALLOC_UTIL_2.0.6)(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2(PYTALLOC_UTIL_2.1.6)(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpytalloc-util.so.2()(64bit) for package: samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
---> Package samba-python.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-tevent for package: samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: python-tdb for package: samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pyldb for package: samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpyldb-util.so.1(PYLDB_UTIL_1.1.2)(64bit) for package: samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpyldb-util.so.1()(64bit) for package: samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
---> Package samba-winbind.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-winbind-clients.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package samba-winbind-modules.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pyldb.x86_64 0:1.1.26-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.6-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-tdb.x86_64 0:1.3.8-1.el7_2 will be installed
---> Package python-tevent.x86_64 0:0.9.28-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================
Installing:
samba x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 609 k
samba-client x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 546 k
samba-common-libs x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 160 k
samba-common-tools x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 450 k
samba-krb5-printing x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 82 k
samba-libs x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 260 k
samba-python x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 2.0 M
samba-winbind x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 484 k
samba-winbind-clients x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 123 k
samba-winbind-modules x86_64 4.4.4-9.el7 yum 108 k
Installing for dependencies:
pyldb x86_64 1.1.26-1.el7 yum 44 k
pytalloc x86_64 2.1.6-1.el7 yum 15 k
python-tdb x86_64 1.3.8-1.el7_2 yum 19 k
python-tevent x86_64 0.9.28-1.el7 yum 17 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Install 10 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 4.8 M
Installed size: 18 M
Downloading packages:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 19 MB/s | 4.8 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : samba-common-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 1/14
Installing : pytalloc-2.1.6-1.el7.x86_64 2/14
Installing : samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 3/14
Installing : samba-common-tools-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 4/14
Installing : python-tdb-1.3.8-1.el7_2.x86_64 5/14
Installing : pyldb-1.1.26-1.el7.x86_64 6/14
Installing : samba-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 7/14
Installing : samba-winbind-modules-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 8/14
Installing : samba-winbind-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 9/14
Installing : samba-client-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 10/14
Installing : python-tevent-0.9.28-1.el7.x86_64 11/14
Installing : samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 12/14
Installing : samba-krb5-printing-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 13/14
Installing : samba-winbind-clients-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 14/14
yum/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00:00
Verifying : python-tevent-0.9.28-1.el7.x86_64 1/14
Verifying : pyldb-1.1.26-1.el7.x86_64 2/14
Verifying : samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 3/14
Verifying : python-tdb-1.3.8-1.el7_2.x86_64 4/14
Verifying : samba-common-tools-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 5/14
Verifying : pytalloc-2.1.6-1.el7.x86_64 6/14
Verifying : samba-winbind-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 7/14
Verifying : samba-winbind-clients-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 8/14
Verifying : samba-winbind-modules-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 9/14
Verifying : samba-common-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 10/14
Verifying : samba-client-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 11/14
Verifying : samba-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 12/14
Verifying : samba-krb5-printing-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 13/14
Verifying : samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64 14/14
Installed:
samba.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 samba-client.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7
samba-common-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7
samba-krb5-printing.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7
samba-python.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 samba-winbind.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7
samba-winbind-clients.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7 samba-winbind-modules.x86_64 0:4.4.4-9.el7
Dependency Installed:
pyldb.x86_64 0:1.1.26-1.el7 pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.6-1.el7 python-tdb.x86_64 0:1.3.8-1.el7_2
python-tevent.x86_64 0:0.9.28-1.el7
Complete!
# 验证是否安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i samba
samba-krb5-printing-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-client-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-common-4.4.4-9.el7.noarch
samba-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-common-tools-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-winbind-modules-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-python-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-common-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-winbind-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-client-libs-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
samba-winbind-clients-4.4.4-9.el7.x86_64
# 卸载挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/cdrom
# 验证是否卸载
[root@localhost ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 47162880 3538272 43624608 8% /
devtmpfs 1000164 0 1000164 0% /dev
tmpfs 1016076 88 1015988 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1016076 9232 1006844 1% /run
tmpfs 1016076 0 1016076 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 508580 151256 357324 30% /boot
tmpfs 203216 8 203208 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 3704296 3704296 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.3 Server.x86_64repo配置文件修改如下
[yum]
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1在rhel8主机上安装dhcp服务器软件
- 【1】打开虚拟机–打开虚拟机–d：/—RHEL8–拍快照–做实验–做完实验还原快照
- 【2】添加rhel7的光盘
- 【3】开机
- 【4】创建挂载点
- 【5】挂载
- 【6】进入到yum配置文件处写自己的repo文件
- cd 空格 /etc/yum.repos.d
- mkdir 空格 bak
- mv 空格 .repo 空格 bak/ vi 空格 自己的repo文件 【7】yum安装｛三选一｝ rpm 空格 -ivh 空格 软件名称-按tab键补齐｛可以不用这个方法｝ yum 空格 install 空格 软件名称｛这是主要的安装方法｝
- dnf 空格 install 空格 软件名称*｛rhel8、9的安装方法｝
- 【8】检查安装的效果
- rpm 空格 -qa|grep 软件名称
- 【9】卸载光驱
# 创建挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
# 挂载镜像到挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /mnt/cdrom: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
# 验证是否挂载成功
[root@localhost ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 991236 0 991236 0% /dev
tmpfs 1006620 0 1006620 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1006620 9772 996848 1% /run
tmpfs 1006620 0 1006620 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17811456 4060480 13750976 23% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1038336 155704 882632 15% /boot
tmpfs 201324 16 201308 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 201324 3504 197820 2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 6935944 6935944 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
# 修改yum配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi redhat.repo
# 安装dhcp包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp* -y
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Repository 'yum1' is missing name in configuration, using id.
Repository 'yum2' is missing name in configuration, using id.
yum1 6.7 MB/s | 5.3 MB 00:00
yum2 25 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Fri 17 May 2024 08:33:41 AM CST.
Package dhcp-client-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package dhcp-common-12:4.3.6-30.el8.noarch is already installed.
Package dhcp-libs-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================
Installing:
dhcp-relay x86_64 12:4.3.6-30.el8 yum2 235 k
dhcp-server x86_64 12:4.3.6-30.el8 yum2 529 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total size: 764 k
Installed size: 1.6 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: dhcp-server-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 1/2
Installing : dhcp-server-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: dhcp-server-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 1/2
Installing : dhcp-relay-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: dhcp-relay-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : dhcp-relay-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : dhcp-server-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 2/2
Installed products updated.
Installed:
dhcp-relay-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64 dhcp-server-12:4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64
Complete!
# 验证是否安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i dhcp*
dhcp-client-4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64
dhcp-common-4.3.6-30.el8.noarch
dhcp-server-4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64
dhcp-relay-4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64
dhcp-libs-4.3.6-30.el8.x86_64
# 卸载挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/cdrom
# 验证是否卸载成功
[root@localhost ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 991236 0 991236 0% /dev
tmpfs 1006620 0 1006620 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1006620 9776 996844 1% /run
tmpfs 1006620 0 1006620 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17811456 4119032 13692424 24% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1038336 155704 882632 15% /boot
tmpfs 201324 16 201308 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 201324 3504 197820 2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 6935944 6935944 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64rope配置文件修改如下
[yum1]
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[yum2]
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1课堂练习2
在rhel8主机上添加一块4g的scsi接口硬盘，划分2个主分区和2个逻辑分区，配置永久使用自动挂载
- 【1】打开虚拟机–打开虚拟机–d：/—RHEL8–拍快照–做实验–做完实验还原快照
- 【2】添加硬盘
- 【3】开机发现硬盘
- 【4】分区
- 【5】格式化
- 【6】创建挂载点
- 【7】挂载
- 【8】写配置
- 【9】使用
查询硬盘位置
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x35805367
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n1p2 2099200 41943039 39843840 19G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 17 GiB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes获取需要分区的硬盘/dev/sde
分区
# 使用fdisk+硬盘位置对硬盘进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x86d9c083.
# 输入n新增分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
# 输入p新增主分区
Select (default p): p
# 指定分区号，可以直接回车
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
# 指定扇区大小，可以默认回车
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048):
# 分区大小，我这里直接给1G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
# 同上
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (2099200-8388607, default 2099200):
# 还是给的1G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-8388607, default 8388607): +1G
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
# 新增一个扩展分区才可以创建逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
# 输入e创建扩展分区
Select (default p): e
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (4196352-8388607, default 4196352):
# 直接回车将剩余的内存全部分给扩展分区
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-8388607, default 8388607):
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Extended' and of size 2 GiB.
# 创建逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4198400-8388607, default 4198400):
# 之前给主分区了2G，还剩2G，这里再给1G
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4198400-8388607, default 8388607): +1G
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (6297600-8388607, default 6297600):
# 剩下的直接给最后一个分区
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6297600-8388607, default 8388607):
Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 1021 MiB.
# 查询分区详细
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sde: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x86d9c083
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sde1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sde2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sde3 4196352 8388607 4192256 2G 5 Extended
/dev/sde5 4198400 6295551 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sde6 6297600 8388607 2091008 1021M 83 Linux
# 保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde1
mke2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c6a19bd9-508c-42b8-9688-9f2bd83326c6
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde2
mke2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3035f8eb-4790-4e79-a26a-404edb1b719f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde5
mke2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 15d62c95-a396-4e18-80a8-93543474b69b
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde6
mke2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Creating filesystem with 261376 4k blocks and 65408 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1cb7df2c-5d3d-46c1-b664-d06d0dddc326
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
创建挂载点
# 创建guazai1、guazai2、guazai3、guazai4文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /guazai{1,2,3,4}配置永久使用自动挂载
vi /etc/fstab添加配置文件
uuid可以通过格式化那一步的结果返回获取
UUID=c6a19bd9-508c-42b8-9688-9f2bd83326c6 /guazai1 ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=3035f8eb-4790-4e79-a26a-404edb1b719f /guazai2 ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=15d62c95-a396-4e18-80a8-93543474b69b /guazai3 ext4 defaults 0 2
UUID=1cb7df2c-5d3d-46c1-b664-d06d0dddc326 /guazai4 ext4 defaults 0 2也可以不使用uid
/dev/sde1 /guazai1 ext4 defaults 0 2
/dev/sde2 /guazai2 ext4 defaults 0 2
/dev/sde5 /guazai3 ext4 defaults 0 2
/dev/sde6 /guazai4 ext4 defaults 0 2加载配置文件
# 卸载所有挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount -a
umount: /run/user/0: target is busy.
umount: /run/user/42: target is busy.
umount: /: target is busy.
umount: /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd: target is busy.
umount: /sys/fs/cgroup: target is busy.
umount: /run: target is busy.
umount: /dev: target is busy.
# 加载挂载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a验证
# 验证
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep /guazai1
/dev/sde1 on /guazai1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
# 写文件测试
[root@localhost ~]# echo '123' > /guazai1/1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll /guazai1
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 May 17 17:45 1.txt
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 May 17 17:34 lost+found课堂练习2
在rhel7主机上创建一个raid3，在该raid中创建一个文件test，并记录下完成的时间
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c9894
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 99608575 49291264 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdbc9e696
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 10487808 16779263 3145728 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 16779264 20973567 2097152 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdf: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 48.3 GB, 48318382080 bytes, 94371840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/testvg-vo: 314 MB, 314572800 bytes, 614400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv: 209 MB, 209715200 bytes, 409600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/zf-lzz: 545 MB, 545259520 bytes, 1064960 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/sdf
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdf is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048576 blocks
52428 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x295f518e.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdf: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x295f518e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607):
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sde: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1c688ec8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 2048 8388607 4193280 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): q
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x85bedc7e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 8388607 4193280 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): q
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x85bedc7e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 8388607 4193280 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): q
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048320 blocks
52416 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048320 blocks
52416 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/sde1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048320 blocks
52416 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/sdf1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048320 blocks
52416 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf
mdadm: /dev/sdc appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdc but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdd appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdd but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
mdadm: /dev/sde appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sde but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
mdadm: /dev/sdf appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=4194304K mtime=Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
mdadm: /dev/sdf appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdf but will be lost or
meaningless after creating array
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks
52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:18:00 2024
State : active
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
3 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mdmd
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1 > /mdmd/test
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mdmd/test
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:21:59 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
3 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdc
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:23:12 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
3 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
mdadm: /dev/sdc does not appear to be an md device
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdc
mdadm: set /dev/sdc faulty in /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:24:55 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
0 8 32 - faulty /dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mdmd/test
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:21:59 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
3 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/sdc
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc from /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:26:32 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 39
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/sdc
mdadm: added /dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Fri May 17 07:17:39 2024
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri May 17 07:26:47 2024
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 7ea11d24:76bc6ef0:a688d950:8af90f94
Events : 40
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
3 8 80 0 active sync /dev/sdf
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
4 8 32 - spare /dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]# 在rhel8主机上创建一个raid5，提供一块备份磁盘，在该raid中创建一个文件testfile，并记录下完成的时间
© 版权声明
THE END
暂无评论内容