Linux_课堂练习_24.5.24

0181

课堂练习1

创建raid6，并在创建的raid6中创建一个test文件，文件中写上自己的学号、姓名

  • 1】添加硬盘—-根据raid的级别选择大小规格品牌一样的若干块硬盘
  • 2】发现硬盘—-记住硬盘的位置及名称
    • fdisk -l
  • 3】分区并转换硬盘的类型：fd
    • fdisk 硬盘的位置及名称
    • n 创建分区
    • p 主分区
    • 1 分区序号
    • 开始：回车
    • 结束：回车
    • t 转换
    • fd—raid
    • p 显示
    • w 保存推出
  • 4】创建raid
    • mdadm -C /dev/md级别 -l 级别 -n 组建raid所需要的硬盘数量 -x 给raid准备的备份硬盘数量 硬盘的位置及名称1 硬盘的位置及名称n
  • 注意：
    • 级别：0、1、｛2、3、4、｝5、6、01、10、50、60
    • 组建raid所需要的硬盘数量：》2、》2n、》3、》4、》4、》4、》6、》8
    • 给raid准备的备份硬盘数量：《2
    • 硬盘的位置及名称n：=组建raid所需要的硬盘数量+给raid准备的备份硬盘数量
  • 5】格式化raid
    • mkfs raid
  • 6】创建挂载点
  • 7】挂载
  • 8】使用
    • ｛1｝增加文件、查文件、修改文件、删除文件
    • ｛2｝模拟坏盘，检查效果
      • mdadm -D raid—查细节
      • mdadm raid -f 硬盘的位置及名称n —-坏盘
      • mdadm raid -r 硬盘的位置及名称n —-把坏盘移除
      • mdadm raid -a 硬盘的位置及名称new —-添加一块新盘

假设您已经有足够的硬盘（至少4块用于数据存储加上2块用于奇偶校验，共6块），且这些硬盘已正确连接到系统中。

1. 发现硬盘

# 列出所有硬盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c9894

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    99608575    49291264   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sde: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdf: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdd: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdg: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 48.3 GB, 48318382080 bytes, 94371840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2. 分区硬盘

操作过程

fdisk /dev/sdc
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

fdisk /dev/sde
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

fdisk /dev/sdf
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

fdisk /dev/sdd
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

fdisk /dev/sdg
n
p
1
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
fd
p
w

示例

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbc8ac6b9.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xbc8ac6b9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x87a76fdf.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x87a76fdf

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8f1631e8.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sde: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8f1631e8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sde1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9dc03a7f.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdf: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9dc03a7f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdf1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0257a13c.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdd: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0257a13c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdg
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x278505d3.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): 
Using default value 8388607
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdg: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x278505d3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdg1            2048     8388607     4193280   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#

3. 创建RAID6 格式化RAID6

# 假设我们有6块硬盘（/dev/sdc1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdg1），现在创建RAID6。
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 6 -n 4 -x 2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdg1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

# 格式化RAID设备
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
524288 inodes, 2095616 blocks
104780 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

4. 创建挂载点并挂载RAID

# 创建挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/guazai

# 挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/guazai

# 查看文件夹内容
[root@localhost ~]# ll /mnt/guazai
total 16
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 May 23 20:49 lost+found

5. 使用RAID

# 写入文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# echo '230303000张三' >> /mnt/guazai/test

# 查看文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mnt/guazai/test 
230303000张三

# 修改文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'dcyy' > /mnt/guazai/test 

# 查看文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mnt/guazai/test 
dcyy

# 删除文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# rm /mnt/guazai/test 
rm: remove regular file ‘/mnt/guazai/test’? y

# 估计题目要求再次创建
[root@localhost ~]# echo '230303000张三' >> /mnt/guazai/test

6. 模拟坏盘与恢复

检查当前RAID状态

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu May 23 20:48:41 2024
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 8382464 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 4191232 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 6
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Thu May 23 20:54:14 2024
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 6
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 2

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 95c46c7b:54d9db8f:3df9f346:99c1b557
         Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
       3       8       81        3      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       4       8       49        -      spare   /dev/sdd1
       5       8       97        -      spare   /dev/sdg1

模拟坏盘

# 假设sdb1为要模拟故障的硬盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md0

# 再次检查状态，确认故障标记
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu May 23 20:48:41 2024
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 8382464 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 4191232 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 6
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Thu May 23 20:55:59 2024
          State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 5
 Failed Devices : 1
  Spare Devices : 2

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

 Rebuild Status : 13% complete

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 95c46c7b:54d9db8f:3df9f346:99c1b557
         Events : 21

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       5       8       97        1      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdg1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
       3       8       81        3      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       1       8       17        -      faulty   /dev/sdb1	# 显示faulty，ok
       4       8       49        -      spare   /dev/sdd1

移除坏盘

# 移除坏盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdb1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md0

# 验证是否删除
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu May 23 20:48:41 2024
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 8382464 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 4191232 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 5
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Thu May 23 20:56:46 2024
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 95c46c7b:54d9db8f:3df9f346:99c1b557
         Events : 37

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       5       8       97        1      active sync   /dev/sdg1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
       3       8       81        3      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       4       8       49        -      spare   /dev/sdd1

添加新盘替换 假设新增硬盘为原来删除的sdb

# 添加原来删除的sdb
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdb1
mdadm: added /dev/sdb1

# 检查添加成功
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu May 23 20:48:41 2024
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 8382464 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 4191232 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 6
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Thu May 23 20:58:12 2024
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 6
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 2

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
           UUID : 95c46c7b:54d9db8f:3df9f346:99c1b557
         Events : 38

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       5       8       97        1      active sync   /dev/sdg1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
       3       8       81        3      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       4       8       49        -      spare   /dev/sdd1
       6       8       17        -      spare   /dev/sdb1

课堂练习2

添加1块ide接口的1g硬盘、1块sata接口的2g硬盘、1块scsi接口的3g硬盘，创建一个2.5g的逻辑卷，在卷中创建一个文件test，写上自己的学号和姓名，将该逻辑卷增加到3.5g，检查文件test是否正常读写。

  • 1】任意添加任意规格大小品牌的硬盘设备
    • ide—-1g—-hda
    • sata—2g—-sda
    • ————————sd
    • 固态–3g—–nvme0n1
  • 2】发现硬盘—位置及名称
    • fdisk -l
    • /dev/sda 1g ？
    • /dev/sdg 2g
    • /dev/nvme0n1 3g
  • 3】分区并转换硬盘类型：8e
    • fdisk /dev/sda
    • fdisk /dev/sdg
    • fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
    • /dev/nvme0n1p1
  • 4】创建pv
    • pvcreate 空格 位置及名称数字
      • 创建一个物理卷｛抽象硬盘【穿个马甲】｝
    • pvscan
      • 扫描pv
    • pvdisplay 位置及名称数字 ｛位置及名称数字===就是pv的名称｝
      • 显示pv的细节
  • 5】创建vg
    • vgcreate 空格 vg的名称 空格 pv的名称
      • 将若干个pv组成一个vg
    • vgscan
      • 扫描vg
    • vgdisplay vg的名称
      • 显示vg的细节
  • 6】创建lv
    • lvcreate 空格 -L 空格 +大小 空格 -n 空格 lv的名称 空格 vg的名称
      • 在指定的vg上创建一个指定大小的lv
    • lvscan
      • 扫描lv
    • lvdisplay 空格 lv的位置及名称
      • 显示lv的细节
  • 7】格式化lv
    • mkfs 空格 lv的位置及名称
  • 8】使用lv
    • ｛1｝创建挂载点
    • ｛2｝挂载lv
    • ｛3｝增加、删除、修改、查询
    • ｛4｝扩容：
      • lvextend 空格 -L 空格 +大小 空格 lv的名称
        • 给原有的lv增加指定大小
      • vgextend 空格 vg的名称 空格 pv的名称
        • 将pv添加到指定的vg中
    • ｛5｝缩减容量—-不要操作此类动作！———-数据为王！
      • lvreduce 空格 -L 空格 -大小 空格 lv的名称
        • 给原有的lv按指定大小缩减
      • vgreduce 空格 vg的名称 空格 pv的名称
        • 将原有的vg中的pv剔除出来，实现vg的缩减

1. 发现硬盘

# 列出所有硬盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c9894

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    99608575    49291264   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 48.3 GB, 48318382080 bytes, 94371840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2. 分区硬盘

操作过程

fdisk /dev/sdc
n
p
<Enter>
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
8e
w

fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
<Enter>
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
8e
w

fdisk /dev/sdd
n
p
<Enter>
<Enter>
<Enter>
t
8e
w

示例

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x997146fd.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): 
Using default value 2097151
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1023 MiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9a1caec1.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-6291455, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-6291455, default 6291455): 
Using default value 6291455
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 3 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x75086310.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): 
Using default value 4194303
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3. 创建PV（Physical Volume）

# 创建pv
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

# 扫描pv
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG rhel            lvm2 [47.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [3.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdd1                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdc1                      lvm2 [1023.00 MiB]
  Total: 4 [53.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [47.00 GiB] / in no VG: 3 [6.00 GiB]

# 显示pv的细节
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdb1
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "3.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               3.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               gwyCMk-sYZR-WFjD-G1gq-uKWn-ur4c-hHviRX
   
  "/dev/sdd1" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdd1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               2.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               E1UnUU-xvGV-zwRL-wfy0-YieA-DJGR-8diubw
   
  "/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "1023.00 MiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdc1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               1023.00 MiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               kFOjVB-NeL6-IRgd-2CoE-juCq-A39x-UVhGnc

4. 创建VG（Volume Group）

# 创建vg
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "myvg" successfully created

# 扫描vg
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "myvg" using metadata type lvm2
  Found volume group "rhel" using metadata type lvm2

# 显示vg的细节
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay myvg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               5.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1533
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1533 / 5.99 GiB
  VG UUID               1SOTCm-SROF-ED8T-0kCs-fJ2d-4WK3-NdENJI

5. 创建LV（Logical Volume）

# 创建lv
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L +2.5G -n mylv myvg
  Logical volume "mylv" created.

# 扫描lv
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/myvg/mylv' [2.50 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/rhel/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/rhel/root' [45.00 GiB] inherit

# 显示lv的细节
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                Elzrht-qBnd-WFCt-RO2d-yyVm-FC4N-dIJtNJ
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2024-05-23 23:05:59 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                2.50 GiB
  Current LE             640
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2

6. 格式化LV并挂载使用

# 格式化lv
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs /dev/myvg/mylv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
163840 inodes, 655360 blocks
32768 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=671088640
20 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

# 创建挂载文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/mylv

#挂载lv
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /mnt/mylv

# 创建文件并写入内容
[root@localhost ~]# echo "230303000张三" > /mnt/mylv/test

# 查看创建的文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mnt/mylv/test
230303000张三

# 修改文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# echo "dcyy" >> /mnt/mylv/test

# 验证
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mnt/mylv/test
230303000张三
230dcyy

# 删除文件
[root@localhost ~]# rm /mnt/mylv/test
rm: remove regular file ‘/mnt/mylv/test’? y

7. 扩展LV到3.5GB

# 新增1G大小
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/myvg/mylv
  Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 2.50 GiB (640 extents) to 3.50 GiB (896 extents).
  Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.

# 查看
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/myvg/mylv' [3.50 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/rhel/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/rhel/root' [45.00 GiB] inherit

# 检查文件test是否正常读写
[root@localhost ~]# cat /mnt/mylv/test
230303000张三
温馨提示：本文最后更新于2024-05-24 11:38:26，某些文章具有时效性，若有错误或已失效，请在下方留言或联系站长。
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